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HOW TO PROTECT  CONSUMER -ORIENTED NEEDS? d-d(dddXd  ,'X U *$ Recognition  $  \ Increase international competitiveness of Europe HE SAFEGUARD INTEGRITY OF THE SYSTEM MAINTAIN STANDARDS AND QUALITY Change of perspective: Accountability International accepted standards (code of good practice) Benchmarking Transparency of information, procedures and decisions SHIFT FROM EDUCATION > LEARNING new forms of assessmentP8nBnnnnn#nnF7F@DFFBFFB#BFDD ] (" Recognition "  $   Terminology Academic recognition > further study => Conventions and agreements Professional recognition > access to professions => European directivesn n(nn8nnn '7      Recognition: evolution 0  : 1. Equivalence: course by course matching 2. Recognition: recognise fit for purpose comparable level, function, status and content > specific purpose 3. Acceptance: accept results (qualifications) with respect for differences Agreement ==> FLEXIBLE FRAMEWORK General Directives EU and Lisbon ConventionddP" dNdN d+ ; Lisbon Convention$0  Lisbon convention: consensus on an agreed framework international principles > defines criteria & procedures LEGAL GROUNDING FLEXIBLE T "  7:        6 Recognition $ ?Academic Recognition: Lisbon Recognition Convention Professional Recognition European Directive (2005/36/EC) Basic principles: Mutual trust in educational systems Case-by-case evaluation Finished product meets minimum requirements Reversed burden of proof Respecting the differences only: substantial differences&4d<dddddddFFBF!FBBBBD f ? +%Substantial differences$  @ ATTITUDES Protective: uphold national education system and own standards (legalistic) Common sensical: geared to consumer Cautiousness vs. generosity ENIC/NARIC: promote flexibility > caution in professional recognition Focus on: the function of the qualification & the purpose for which recognition is sought.d dudddFdd[d ud[&d   "Substantial differences$  { NON-RECOGNITION: Difference in level Difference in length of study which substantially affects curriculum content Education provider not quality assessed/results of quality assessment have not been made public Organisation of qualification profile liberal vs specialized and/or research vs applied sciences (uni/non-uni) Qualification with formal rights in home country but not in host country of visa versa? 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